http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_of-animal-scavengers-and-pigs_1739009
I have always known that human beings give pigs a bad name – calling a
messy or dirty individual a messy pig, for instance, and that pigs on
the contrary were very clean animals. But this new use to which they
were put bemused and befuddled me.
The first time I went to Goa, many many years ago, I wanted a
tour of ‘heritage’ Goa. A kind and knowledgeable friend took me on an
extended tour of sites, mostly Portuguese and mostly churches. We also
went to some old mansions where the famous families of Goa had resided
in splendour for generations.
That is when I first discovered a
curious thing about pigs — that they were officially used in these old
houses to eat human excreta in the absence of sewage systems. That the
pig pens were built to ensure that they got human waste directly and
could dispose of it immediately, more or less as it fell. And that these
pigs were actually kept to grace the tables and palates of the
Goans.(Recycling at its best – the pigs eat human excreta and the humans
eat the same pigs).
Now I have always known that human beings give pigs a bad name –
calling a messy or dirty individual a messy pig, for instance, and that
pigs on the contrary were very clean animals. But this new use to which
they were put bemused and befuddled me.
Why this comes to mind is
because of a petition filed in the Supreme Court of India by the Safai
Karmachari Andolan with data culled from the latest census, and heard by
the Supreme Court with anger and disbelief.SKA found that despite
claims to the contrary, most States in India still use manual scavengers
and animals to clean toilets! Yes, I knew of the inhuman practice of
continuing manual scavenging, but that there exists data on how many
animals are deployed to clean toilets astonished me. This then is
obviously a common practice, not only confined to old Goan families.
SKA
data shows that of the 24.6 crore families in the country, close to 10%
throw sewage untreated directly into the environment, 50% of which is
dealt with by equal numbers of manual scavengers and animals!
The
first list of poor performers has some obvious ones with UP topping the
list – 3.16 lakh toilets (42% of the national figure) serviced by manual
scavengers and over 80,000 by animals. But Bengal coming in second was a
surprise, with over 70,000 toilets serviced by animals and 1.3 lakhs
cleaned by humans. According to census estimates Gujarat has 4,000 plus
toilets cleaned by animals and half the number by humans – vastly
underestimated figures according to local NGOs working with the issue.
What
has angered the Supreme Court is the continuing denial of the States.
How can we even try to deal with the problem if we refuse to accept it
exists? (Some of you may remember the incident where a photo of manual
scavengers in Gujarat, taken as part of a study by the prestigious Tata
Institute of Social Sciences, was dismissed by our chief minister as
actors posing as scavengers.)
For several years I have been
involved with SKA and its extraordinary and tireless leadership. I have
seen the results of their efforts. They had wished to put a complete
stop to manual scavenging by 2010 but that hasn’t happened. Sometimes
they have taken the law into their own hands, as when the brave
Narayanai Amma from the South took hammers to break down dry latrines.
At other times I have seen their frustration. But the practice remains,
even if reduced, and governments continue in denial.
As Indians we
seem to embrace denial easily as a way of not wanting to confront and
deal with uncomfortable issues. Child labour, and its wide spread
prevalence is another such issue. We see children serving at tea stall,
running errands, cleaning homes, and yet we do not question it, warn the
perpetrator that we will complain to the police or take any initiative
what so ever. We think it is none of our business. If the state of our
country is not OUR business then whose business is it?
Meanwhile I
keep wondering – what are these animals who act as scavengers? How have
we remained so unknowing of this phenomenon? Or is it only I who is in
the dark?
The writer isanoted danseuse and social activist. She can be reached at mallika@darpana.com